Sociology A Sociological Perspective - 896 Words

According to the University of North Carolina, â€Å"Sociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions† (http://sociology.unc.edu/undergraduate-program/sociology-major/what-is-sociology/). Sociology is science practiced by everyone in the world, whether they realize it or not. It is not only an incredibly important social science but also a beautiful art to study how society works. Now, an educated sociologist will realize that there are different perspective to view the world through from a sociological perspective. There are three specific views: Structural Functionalist, Conflict Theory, and Symbolic Interactionism. Each has valid points of view, and not completely exclusive to the other, but in this case one is more correct and valid than the others. Conflict theory is the most credible theory in psychology because it factors in the problems of power and broken systems. Sociology is a social science that studies social interactions and changes that happ en in them. With this knowledge it is important that sociology can be viewed in three separate ways that are completely different. The first theory is Structural Functionalism, which views society as a whole in which a person might view a person as a fully functioning machine (Larkin, Chap 2. Par. 5). This view sees society as many parts called structures (Larkin, Chap 2. Par. 5). A second way to view society is the Conflict perspective, which sees society as branches and families that are in constantShow MoreRelatedSociology : A Sociological Perspective1292 Words   |  6 PagesOrigins of Sociology Ashley Drees Ivy Tech Community College Professor Brosmer April 10,2016 What is Sociology Sociology  is the  study of  social behavior or society, including its origins, development, organization, networks, and institutions. Sociology is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order, disorder, and change. Three Main Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Functional Perspective ConflictRead MoreThe Sociological Perspective Of Sociology874 Words   |  4 PagesThe Sociological Perspective Sociology is the scientific study of society and human behavior. Human behavior and each respective society that is studied can be evaluated and governed by the scientific method to produce reliable results. The inquiries into these subjects are derived by the inspirations of sociological perspectives. Each stratifying field of Sociology finds an anchor in the relationships between these pieces in the human context in which they are found. Navigating the water inRead MoreSociology : A Sociological Perspective1053 Words   |  5 PagesSociology is the study of society and social lives and forces that influence people and shape the construction of society their lives. It also gives us an awareness of cultural difference that allows us to see the social world from many perspectives. (Sutton 2013). Sociology perspectives are overview of human behaviour and its connection to society as a whole. A sociological theory is a set of ideas explain how society or aspects of society work and there are many variations of the basic theoriesRead MoreThe Sociological Perspective Of Sociology963 Words   |  4 PagesAfter a careful study and a deeper research on an introduction to sociology, I have come to understand that no problem can be solved well enough if one does not have the sociological perspective which is defined as a way of looking at the world through a sociological lens. In fact, there is the need of the lens that wil l help one to view situations and have the eye to emerge through different views to solve that problem. This mirror has become a doorway that will help one to have a beginner’s mindRead MoreTheoretical Perspectives On Sociology And Sociological Perspectives1357 Words   |  6 PagesTheoretical Perspectives in Sociology In the world of sociology there are many different ways that humans interact with the world. Although we are all human beings, we do not always see the world the same way that others do. Even though not many are aware of the different ways they can see the world, there are three sociological perspectives. Using structural functionalism, the conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism one will be able to decide which view best represents the way they see thisRead MoreSociology : A Sociological Perspective2031 Words   |  9 PagesSociology refers to the study of a society’s structure, development, collective behaviors, and functions, which delves into examining social institutions and social relations. Sociology may also be termed as â€Å"a scientific way of thinking about society and its influence on human groups,† (Andersen Taylor, 2007, p. 2). Society, on the other hand, refers to people who share norms, traditions, values, and laws as well as live together as an organized community. Sociology is important in understandingRead MoreTheoretical Frameworks Of Sociology And Sociological Perspective Essay918 Words   |  4 Pages What does Sociology have to do with me? Why do people think or act differently than you? Why are some people rich while others are poor? Why do some commit crimes, break laws and others do not? These are all some of the questions students need an answer to, which led them to enrol to this course. â€Å"Sociology is the scientific study of individuals in groups, organizations, cultures and societies; and of the interrelationships of individuals, group, organizations, cultures and societies.† (KennedyRead MoreSocial Deviance : A Sociological Perspective On Deviant And Criminal Behavior Within Sociology1160 Words   |  5 Pagessocieties with norms. Sociological theories of deviance are those that use social context and social pressures to explain deviance. You’ll find these in your readings for this week . Think of the diagram for a functionalist approach to deviance: Great post! You did a nice job defining deviance as a whole. A theory closely associated with this term is labeling theory. Labeling theory is one of the most important approaches to understanding deviant and criminal behavior within sociology. Labeling theoryRead MoreEssay on The Sociological Imagination1389 Words   |  6 PagesMy personal condensed definition of â€Å"the sociological imagination† is that it is the idea one should be aware of the societal structures around themselves, and how those structures can influence a person and vice-versa. In addition, I think that having a â€Å"sociological imagination† also involves a deep appreciation for the importance of society and culture. Consequently, for a person that has completed a basic introduction to sociology college course and actually paid attention, I would hope thatRead MoreWhat Is Sociology?1062 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is sociology? We can start by saying that sociology is the systematic study of human society. Sociology should be more than you find in a good documentary on a social issue. It is certainly more than listings of facts and figures about society. Instead it becomes a form of consciousness a way of thinking, a critical way of seeing the social. Seeing the general in the particular. In his short book ‘Invitation to Sociology’(1963) characterized the sociological perspective as seeing the general

Is the Death Penalty Justified - 1824 Words

Is the Death Penalty Justified? Jessica Valentine PHI 103 Informal Logic Professor Stephen Carter March 20, 2012 Is the Death Penalty Justified? The death penalty will always be a topic some people refuse to talk about. When in fact, it is a very serious topic and people should know how and why the death penalty is not justified. I believe the death penalty is not justified in the least bit because there are people sitting up in prison just living life because the state does not want to pay for an execution, or they find it to be morally corrupt. Personally if you committed a crime that resulted in someone dying then you deserves to die as well. The idea of killing another human does not sit well with people and that is mainly the†¦show more content†¦The argument on who are we to have the power to kill someone who has been sentenced to the death penalty play a major role in most people’s life because we ultimately decide their fate. Some would say that only God should be allowed to decide the fate of every single person, and yes this is true by all means. So therefore, we shoul d not be allowed to determine who and when a person should be sentenced to death. Another argument a person who is against the death penalty would have is they will get what they deserve in the end. In other words karma will get them so to speak. When bad people do bad things they will have bad things come back to them whether when they get sentenced to jail or they die an untimely death. People who are opposed to the death penalty just feel as if people will get what they deserve. The feel as if once a person gets locked up he or she shall be imprisoned for life and have to rot in a cell until they die and with this hopefully they will see what they did was wrong and why they are where they are for a reason. With this comes the idea that people who care to much for human life think that if a person spends the rest of their life in prison instead of being put to death they will learn their lesson while they sit in prison. Yes, some do learn many life lessons while in prison most inm ates who wentShow MoreRelatedIs Death Penalty Justified?995 Words   |  4 Pages995 Is Death Penalty Justified? Death penalty is the capital punishment given to the person where a person is put to death who has done crime or involved in a crime. It is for those people who is doing the crime intentionally. It is given by the government to the traitors, murderer and so on. The sentence is vindicated by the type of offense committed. There are certain conditions where a death penalty can be correct and should be consider Justified by the government. The death penalty guaranteesRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1346 Words   |  6 Pagespast and recent years, the death penalty has remained a huge debate between individuals that agree or disagree whether the death penalty is justifiable punishment or not. Is capital punishment truly a justified and powerful approach to the violations of specific prisoners? Many individuals believe that having the death penalty is cruel and inhumane. Others believe that people who commit such heinous crimes should be punished with the death penalty. Insti lling the death penalty is the same as saying â€Å"eyeRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1534 Words   |  7 Pagesit is ethical to kill a convicted criminal. People who oppose the death penalty often argue mistaken identity and wrongful conviction. They argue that long-term imprisonment is the better course of action, because it allows for the possibility that if a mistake was made in the conviction of a suspect, they would be able to correct it without ending the life of an innocent person. They also state that the threat of the death penalty is not a deterrent and people will commit crimes regardless, as oftenRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1828 Words   |  8 PagesThe Death Penalty Daniel Heydari Professor Sheldon Philosophy 262-0 12 October 2015 1.) The author of this letter, submitted to the New York Times, claims that the death penalty is wholly and morally justified, seeing as its existence results in the lessening of violent deaths and gun use due to the perpetrator’s fear of killing a person in haste and thus being given the death penalty. 2.) The author argues his claim of the death penalty being justified as a means of punishment for violent crimesRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified923 Words   |  4 Pagespilots who also had to bomb innocents to win the war,† (Gorman). More recently, a common trend has been the disapproval of the death penalty, exhibited by the thirteen percent drop in the number of people on death row since Spring of 2005 (Death Penalty Info. Center). Life without parole has become the preferred sentence of unavoidable capital punishment. The death penalty has frequently been viewed as inhumane. However, isn’t lack of remorse for such vile acts inhumane? In cases of intentional murderRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1143 Words   |  5 PagesAllison Shu 2/25/16 Period 2 Objective paper on the death penalty Capital punishment is legally authorized killing as punishment for a crime. The death penalty questions the morality of killing a person as justification for their crime. It also brings to question whether the death penalty actually serves as a deterrent for crime, and that some of the people executed are found innocent afterwards. The debates over the constitutionality of the death penalty and whether capital punishment should be usedRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified995 Words   |  4 PagesThe Death penalty has been a controversial topic for many years and recently the debate about it has been getting bigger and bigger to where at some point soon a decision will have to be made. Many people will disagree with the death penalty because it goes against their moral beliefs, this is thought process is seen more in the northern states. However, here in the south the death penalty is strongly believed in by most, but who is put to death and why? Did they deserve this sentence or were theyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1603 Words   |  7 PagesTHE DEATH PENALTY Many nations have criminals to punish, but what’s changing is how they punish their criminals. Most countries, even some states, have come to the realization that the death penalty is an unfair, inhumane, unconstitutional, and irreversible punishment that’s much too severe and is an unfit punishment for a fair and just society. Internationally, the U.S. ranks fifth in terms of the number of prisoners put to death, putting America in such ill-esteemed company as the regimesRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified858 Words   |  4 PagesSince the foundation of our nation the Death Penalty has been a way to punish prisoners that have committed heinous crimes, however since the turn of the 20th century the practice of Capital Punishment has been questioned on its usage in America and the world as a whole. The Death Penalty is used in America to punish criminals who have committed murders, or taken the life of an innocent person, and while the death penalty seems like it is doing justice to those who have killed others it is actuallyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Justified1463 Words   |  6 PagesIn many eyes across the country the death penalty is widely criticized. The state of Texas has the death penalty, whereas nineteen other states in the United States do not including the state Maine. The death penalty is a way for the states to declare that they don’t tolerate the heinous crimes that some individuals commit. In Texas there are numerous ways that one could be sentenced to death row. Murdering a police officer or firefighter in the line of duty and if the individual knowing that they

Business Law of ASIC v Adler Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.c

Question: Discuss about the Duty Of Care And Diligence ASIC v Adler. Answer: Issues As already said director have a number of duties to the companies and accordingly, they may also be held accountable for the breach of such duties. It is due to the position of immense power that they hold that the directors are also given huge responsibilities and a great degree of accountability. Directors are also deemed to stand in a fiduciary relationship with the company because the fate of the company depends to a great extent on the directors. Even a small breach of their duties may prove disastrous for the company, and all the stakeholders involved in it, as a whole. The case started off in earnest in 2000 when the company of Pacific Eagle Equity Pty Ltd (PEE) received a loan to the tune of $ 10 million from the HIH Casualty and General Insurance Ltd (HIHC). The loan was not documented, neither was it secured. Things took an interesting turn when the aspect of the involvement of Adler was inspected. With regard to HIHC Adler held two positions. One he was a non-executive director of HIHC and secondly he held a large number of shares of HIHC through a company by the name of Adler Corporation Ltd. PEE was again a company directly under the control of Adler and the company subsequent to the loan, also became a trustee of the Australian Equities Unit Trust (AEUT). Later on, the loan amount secured by PEE was used by the company to buy AEUT units which, subsequently were sold at a loss. This action was done simply to keep up the charade that PEE, as a company, was economically still viable (ASIC v Adler (2002) 171 NSWSC). Law These in brief are the duties of the directors of a company. Directors hold a key position in the company and as a result thereof they have to take many important and essential decisions on behalf of a company. To enable such decision making and to ensure that directors are able to wield their powers effectively, and not merely customarily, directors are given immense autonomy as well. However, as is wont, too much of power and autonomy concentrated in the hands of a director would lead to the invariable scope of misuse of such powers. To prevent such misuse, the law itself has envisaged several checks and balances which are discussed below. The Corporations Act, 2001 has spent copious amount provisions on the matter of directors duties and liabilities to a corporation. The first such duty may be said to be contained in section 180 which lays down in sub-section (1) that it is the duty of a director to act carefully and diligently. This duty is self-explanatory because it is natural and obvious that a director shall have such a duty. Sub-section (2) contains the business judgment rule. According to this rule, the director of a company may not be held liable for any decision that they may have taken with regard to the conduct of the affairs of the business, provided that such decision was taken in good faith and for legitimate purposes. One more requirement is that the judgment should not have been influenced by personal factors and/or interests Sally Ann Burrows, ["Directors' Duties (1St Edition)20102Andrew Keay. Directors' Duties (1St Edition). Jordan Publishing Limited, 2009. 476Pp." (2010) 52 International Journal ofL aw and Management. ] The next duty is enumerated in section 181 which says that it is incumbent upon a director to act in good faith and for valid purposes. This section may be said to be a legislative extension of section 180(2). Section 182 says that it is mandatory for the directors to not use their positions for any illegal or questionable purpose. Basically this duty makes it illegal for the directors to sue their positions in any manner so that they may get an undue or unwarranted advantage to the detriment of the company. The advantage is not limited to the directors only but top any other person, provided there is the involvement of the director. Again section 183 says that the director should not use in an improper or objectionable or questionable way any information that the director may have received simply by virtue of being a director. Improper usage of information implies gaining an undue advantage either for self or for someone else or causing an unwarranted loss to the company through the usage of such information(Rosemary Teele Langford, "The Duty Of Directors To Act Bona Fide In The Interests Of The Company: A Positive Fiduciary Duty? Australia And The UK Compared" (2011) 11 Journal of Corporate Law Studies). Ultimately section 260A of the Corporations Act, 2001 forbids a company from monetarily helping a person in the process of procuring or acquiring shares in such company or in any of its holding company. As is evident from the above, the main agenda of having so many checks and balances on the powers of the directors is to protect the interests of the company. In fact, a director for the continued progress and development of a company, financial and otherwise, and all other stakeholders involved, thus if the director himself does any act which contributes to the detriment of a company, thelawlaw provides for methods to prevent that and also to bring those responsible for the detriment to book [John H Farrar, Corporate Governance In Australia And New Zealand (Oxford University Press, 1st ed, 2001]. Application To decide upon whether Adler is guilty or not, it is pertinent that we apply the duties enlisted above to the given case. Turning to the first duty, Adler was in direct breach and contravention of that duty. Adlers actions may be said to be anything but careful and diligent. He was instrumental in procuring that loan to PEE, but there was no corresponding document or security in support of that loan. Basically, Adler acted in such a manner that HIHC lent an exorbitant amount of $ 10 million to PEE without any proof or evidence to that effect. To top it off, of that $ 10 million, $ 4 million was reportedly squandered off. Simply going by the yardstick of a reasonable and careful person, one may conclude that no reasonable and careful person would have allowed that loan, let alone a loan without security (Mina W.M. Yip, "Challenging The Role And Duty Of Directors In High Profile Corporate Failures In The USA And Europe In The Wake Of Financial Crisis - Possible Allegations Against Board Of Directors For Breach Of Duty Of Care, Skill And Diligence?" (2015) 1 EuroMed J. of Management). The next duty is to act according to the business judgment rule. In the course of the hearing of this case Justice Santow held the opinion that to determine the reasonableness of Adlers actions they may be judged against the action a reasonable and prudent man would have taken in Adlers place. But, the business judgment rule was held to be inapplicable in Adlers case because Adler had a clash of interest in this case considering Adlers involvement in both HIHC and PEE. The test with regard to section 181 may be said to be rather subjective because the test is to be done from the point of view of a director himself. In many cases it might happen that the decision taken by a director may actually end up acting harming a company, however, in such cases the director may escape liability by proving that he had actually acted in good faith and for genuine purposes for the company, however, his actions had backfired. Thus, this section must be applied keeping the full facts and circumstances of the case in mind and not merely the ultimate outcome of the directors actions. With regard to this case, if we were to consider the full facts and circumstances of the case, it must be borne in mind that Adler was acted in complete clash of interest between himself and HIHC. Therefore his actions can never be said to be in good faith (ASIC v Rich (2009) 1229 NSWSC.) With regard to section 182, Adler may be said to have breached this section to the maximum possible extent. He fully misused his position as a director of HIHC. Firstly, Adler had not disclosed his interest in the impugned transaction to HIHC, thereby losing his defense of good faith, secondly, by misusing his position as director of HIHC he ensured and mobilized a loan for PEE that to without an iota of proof to that effect. Thereby, through these actions it is rather clear that Adler had misused his position as a director massively and totally. His actions had caused undue and unwarranted damage and loss to the HIHC and undue gain to himself. He had also failed in his duties as the director of PEE because the ultimate beneficiary of the $ 10 million loan was not even PEE but Adler himself indirectly through the Adler Corporation [Joshua George, The Duty Of Care And Diligence (Talomin Books, 1st ed, 2004)]. With regard to section 183, again Adler may be said to have acted in blatant disregard of this section. This section mandates that directors should not make improper use of the information that such person may have received in their capacity as director of a company. Adler had much information in his hand, which, as a director of a company, he should have disclosed to the company. Instead he chose to keep such information simply to himself and use it for his selfish ends. The greatest example of such a perfidious act on the part of Adler may be said to be his decision of not disclosing his clash of interest in HIHC and also his position in PEE. Such acts of non-disclosure and willful withholding of information gives rise to the assumption that Adlers intentions were not honest or above board and thus he did not have the best interests of the corporation in mind while acting. Finally, we come to section 260A which forbids a company from assisting a person monetarily so that such person may procure or acquire shares in a company or a holding of that company. Of course, there are certain exceptions to this rule. If we were to look at it strictly, HIHC did not help a person directly. To that end, Alder did not provide financial assistance to any person directly or singly. What he did was he acted as a catalyst and facilitated the providing of loan to PEE by HIHC. But through PEE, and then through Adler Corporation, the ultimate beneficiary of the loan was Adler himself and the ultimate losers, in this whole complex web of transactions were HIHC and its stakeholders (J. W. Shaw, "Company Directors: Ethical And Public Interest Responsibilities" (2001) 73 AQ: Australian Quarterly). Therefore, from the above it may be clearly and unequivocally realized that Adler had acted in clear and gross contravention of the duties of a director. Such contravention was not in respect of only one or two duties, but rather a host of duties. Conclusion The above facts and circumstances of the case should serve as a lesson for all directors and potential directors of a company that their ultimate duty must always be towards the company only and not to anybody else. Not even them. As a result of his misdemeanor, Adler had to receive heavy penalties. He was held to be disqualified to be a director for 20 years was put under imprisonment for 5 years and was also fined the amount of about $ 400,000. One interesting observation that may be made in this case is that though the loan was provided at the behest of Adler and was provided without and security or any document, thereby effectively provided without any proof, yet Adler was implicated in this case. This merely goes on to prove the truth of the adage that there is no escape from law. it also teaches that the position of a director is not a position of only power and discretion. It is a position which comes with responsibilities and a duty of trust and good faith to the company and its shareholders. Thus, a director must always remain vigilant and honest, not only to the company, but to himself as well. References Asic v Adler (2002) 171 NSWSC ASIC v Rich (2009) 1229 NSWSC Burrows, Sally Ann, "Directors' Duties (1St Edition)20102Andrew Keay. Directors' Duties (1St Edition). Jordan Publishing Limited, 2009. 476Pp." (2010) 52 International Journal ofLaw and Management Farrar, John H, Corporate Governance In Australia And New Zealand (Oxford University Press, 1st ed, 2001) George, Joshua, The Duty Of Care And Diligence (Talomin Books, 1st ed, 2004) Langford, Rosemary Teele, "The Duty Of Directors To Act Bona Fide In The Interests Of The Company: A Positive Fiduciary Duty? Australia And The UK Compared" (2011) 11 Journal of Corporate Law Studies Shaw, J. W., "Company Directors: Ethical And Public Interest Responsibilities" (2001) 73 AQ: Australian Quarterly Yip, Mina W.M., "Challenging The Role And Duty Of Directors In High Profile Corporate Failures In The USA And Europe In The Wake Of Financial Crisis - Possible Allegations Against Board Of Directors For Breach Of Duty Of Care, Skill And Diligence?" (2015) 1 EuroMed J. of Management

Odysseus, The Hero The Odyssey Is An Epic Story That Has Been A Signif

Odysseus, the Hero The Odyssey is an epic story that has been a significant piece of literature since it wasfirst composed and will remain so for ages to come. One of the reasons it has been so isbecause of the hero, Odysseus. Odysseus is one of the first Greek mythic heroes renowned for his brain as well as hismuscle. He is a man with an intelligent mind, and he is also a man with outstandingbravery. I also must not forget that he is a top-notch athlete which only adds more to thisseemingly insuperable character. It is no wonder why many people refer to Odysseus as apowerful mythic hero.Odysseus often hesitates before acting, because he uses his reason and gift to evaluatethings. This patience is one of his most important additional attributes. This has saved himand his men many of times, and it can be easily seen in various instances throughout histravels such as when he disguised himself as a beggar when he finally reached Ithaca,waiting for the right moment to reveal himself.As g reat as he was, Odysseus still had some weaknesses that prolonged his voyage back toIthaca. His most important weakness that he possess is that of his pride. Pride is good tohave, but in Odysseus' case he had to much of it. This is clearly evident in the episode onthe cyclopes' island. When Odysseus and his men are clearly safe away from the islandOdysseus braggs about his exploit. Polythemus hears this and hurls giant boulders in thedirection of the ship. A couple came very close to sinking the ship. Still that was notenough for Odysseus. Carried away in his pride he unwisely gave away his identity toPolythemus. With that Polythemus called upon his father, Poseidon, to punish the manwho had harmed him. That incident hurt Odysseus more than losing a few men, becausePoseidon made his travel home ever so longer and arduous.Yet another weakness of our hero is his sensualness. Odysseus enjoys women. He stayedwith Circe for one year before his men reminded him of home. He also stayed wit hCalypso for seven years. Although we must take into thought that there were some otherreasons why he stayed with her for so long, like that she was an immortal and he didn'twant to have her against him.Nonetheless, Odysseus survived all that happened to him. His courage, wits, andendurance enabled him to come through each and every difficulty and arrive home safely. Therefor I believe that Odysseus is a hero.

Study of Peak Oil and Gas Essays

Study of Peak Oil and Gas Essays Study of Peak Oil and Gas Essay Study of Peak Oil and Gas Essay In 2004. the universe production of oil was estimated at merely over 29. 7 Bbl. The corresponding universe ingestion for oil during the same period was estimated at 29. 6 Bbl of oil. go forthing a excess of merely under 0. 1 Bbl at the terminal of the twelvemonth. In the United States. one of largest consumer markets for oil and oil merchandises. from the first hebdomad in September 2004 to the first hebdomad in September 2005. gasolene monetary values increased by a astonishing $ 1. 22 per gallon to $ 3. 12 before dropping to $ 2. 25 on November 21. 2005. These figures are rather reeling sing that contracts for petroleum changed custodies at 10 USD/barrel in 1999. With the outgrowth of China in the planetary market and its increasing demand for oil. it is projected that unless oil companies are able to increase the universe production by puting investing in oil and natural-gas production oil monetary values could increase exponentially over the following 10 ( 10 ) old ages. The obvious factor in finding the supply of oil in the universe is the sum of oil that can really be extracted and processed. Oil is basically a non-renewable energy beginning and can non be replenished once it has been extracted from the land. The function of oil companies and states is non in the existent production of oil but in it rationing. A web of scientists called the Association for the Study of Peak Oil and Gas ( ASPO ) which is affiliated with a broad array of planetary establishments and universities surveies the depletion rate of oil. ASPO surveies concern themselves in finding the day of the month and impact of the extremum and diminution of the world’s production of oil and gas. due to resource restraints. The ASPO uses the Peak Oil Theory or the Hubbert Peak Theory which is a method of patterning known oil militias and production rates and routinely used by oil companies to foretell future outputs of bing oil Fieldss ( Legget. 2005 ) . Using this theoretical account. it has been projected that the universe oil production growing tendencies. in the short term. have been diminishing over the last 18 months. Average annual additions in universe oil production from 1987 to 2005 were 1. 2 million barrels per twenty-four hours ( mbbl/d ) ( 1. 7 % ) . Global production averaged 84. 4 mbbl/d in 2005. up merely 0. 2 mbbl/d ( 0. 2 % ) . from 84. 2 mbbl/d ( 13. 4 million m? /d ) in Q4 2004 ( Legget. 2005 ) . ASPO predicts that conventional plus unconventional oil production will top out around 2007 What this information fundamentally means is that the current supplies of oil all over the universe are being depleted and newer beginnings have non yet been discovered. To convey the supply of oil up once more. oil companies must put more in turn uping more oil Fieldss and besides develop new engineerings to better the current refinement processes to let for a more efficient production of oil. This first factor in the supply of oil is fundamentally dependent on the existent sum of oil that can be produced and processed and besides considers the capacity of oil companies to polish oil more expeditiously and to tap other beginnings of oil ( Deffeyes. 2005 ) . This factor nevertheless besides to a great extent depends on the capital investings that oil companies make in the oil industry. One of the chief factors which affect the demand for oil is the monetary value of oil. But given the fact that oil is a necessary resource and that it is a non-renewable energy beginnings. the supply can fundamentally merely remain at a certain Peak degree depending on the sum which can really be processed and the demand besides remains at a certain degree even if oil monetary values continue to lift ( Case. 1999 ) . Normally. if the resources were renewable. there would be perfect snap between the supply and the demand in proportion to the addition or alteration in the monetary value. Therefore. if the monetary value of oil were to increase. it would theoretically ensue in the demand for oil to diminish ( Case. 1999 ) . This premise nevertheless can non be applied to the instance of oil because. as mentioned earlier. oil is a non-renewable resources and remains as the primary beginning of energy in the universe today. This shows the inelastic demand for oil. The ground for this is that since oil remains the chief energy beginning in most states. the demand for oil will stay changeless despite the alterations in the monetary value of oil ( Case. 1999 ) . While theoretically it is expected that there will be a greater demand for oil if the monetary value lessenings. it is of import to factor in the fact that more authoritiess around the universe are implementing energy salvaging policies every bit good as seeking to cut down to dependence on oil as an energy beginning by developing alternate beginnings of energy ( intercrossed autos. solar power. hydroelectric power ) ( Simmons. 2005 ) . The fact that oil is a non-renewable resource must besides be considered. The following factor which affects demand for oil is the handiness of alternate energy beginnings which are cheaper ( Bilgen. 2004 ) . The presence of replacements in a market allows the demand for oil to diminish if the monetary value continues to increase ( Case. 1999 ) . Before discoursing this factor. it is of import to retrieve that the development of alternate energy beginnings is non in proportion to the increasing rate of demand for oil. The presence of replacements in a market affects demand because any addition in the monetary value of the trade good means that the consumers have an alternate and can take down their demand for the trade good and purchase the replacement alternatively ( Case. 1999 ) . The same rule applies for oil except that it must be remembered that the development of these replacements or alternate beginnings of energy takes a well longer sum of clip than conventional replacements. However. under the premise that there are already alternate beginnings of energy available in the market. it can be expected that the demand will respond consequently to any addition in the monetary value of oil. The dependance on oil as an energy beginning will diminish therefore cut downing the demand for oil in proportion to the monetary value additions ( Pimentel. 1998 ) . The challenge remains nevertheless for states and authoritiess to happen ways to happen alternate energy beginnings to cut down the universe dependance on oil as an energy beginning and ease the load that the increasing monetary values have on the consumer. While the authorities may efficaciously modulate its usage. the best solution is still in the development of energy replacements for the market ( Pimentel. 1998 ) . Other factors which besides have an consequence on the demand for oil are things such as the authorities ordinances on the usage of fossil fuels. energy salvaging runs and environmental ordinances. The authorities can implement these steps by increasing revenue enhancements or enforcing mulcts. The consequence that this has on demand is simple. The authorities ordinances efficaciously cut down demand because the consumers are restricted from purchasing more oil. By promoting the execution of energy salvaging policies. oil ingestion is besides greatly reduced therefore impacting the demand. The demand for oil therefore is affected by many factors such as monetary value. handiness of replacements. and authorities intercession in the signifier of revenue enhancements. energy ordinances and monetary value controls. Mentions: Bahree. B. ( 2006 ) Investing by Oil Industry Stalls November 8. 2006 Wall Street Journal November 2006 Bilgen. S. and Kaygusuz. K. ( 2004 ) Renewable Energy for a Clean and Sustainable Future. Energy Sources 26. 1119 Case. K. and Fair. R. ( 1999 ) . Principles of Economics ( 5th ed. ) . Prentice-Hall Deffeyes. K. ( 2005 ) . Beyond Oil: The Position from Hubbert’s Peak. Hill and Wang publication House. Hill and Wang United States Leggett. J. ( 2005 ) . The Empty Tank: Oil. Gas. Hot Air. and the Coming Financial Catastrophe. Random House. Pimentel. D. ( 1998 ) . Energy and Dollar Costss of Ethanol Production with Corn Hubbert Center Newsletter. 98/2. M. King Hubbert Center for Petroleum Supply Studies. p. 8. Simmons. M. ( 2005 ) . Twilight in the Desert: The Coming Saudi Oil Shock and the World Economy. Random House

Queen Angelfish Facts

Queen Angelfish Facts The queen angelfish (Holacanthus ciliaris) is one of the most striking fishes found in the western Atlantic coral reefs. Their large flat bodies are of a brilliant blue color with vivid yellow-accented scales and a bright yellow tail. They are often confused with blue angelfish (H. bermudensis), but the queens are distinguished by a navy blue patch located above the eyes at the center of the head, which is freckled with light blue spots and resembles a crown. Fast Facts: Queen Angelfish Scientific Name: Holacanthus ciliaris  Common Names: Queen Angelfish, Angelfish, Golden Angelfish, Queen Angel, Yellow AngelfishBasic Animal Group: FishSize: 12–17.8 inchesWeight: Up to 3.5 poundsLifespan: 15 yearsDiet: OmnivoreHabitat: Western Atlantic ocean coral reefs, from Bermuda to central BrazilPopulation: UnknownConservation Status: Least Concern Description The body of the queen angelfish (Holacanthus ciliaris) is highly compressed and its head is blunt and rounded. It has one long dorsal fin along its top, dorsal and anal fins, and a range of between 9–15 spines and soft rays. Blue and queen angelfish look even more alike as juveniles, and the two species can and do interbreed. Researchers believe that the entire population in Bermuda may consist of hybrid blue and queen angels.   On average, queen angelfish grow to around 12 inches in length, but they can grow up to 17.8 inches and weigh up to 3.5 pounds. They have small mouths with slender brush-like teeth in a narrow band that can be protruded outward. Although they are primarily blue and yellow, different regional populations sometimes have different color variations, such as occasional gold coloration, and black and orange blotches. Queen angelfish are of the Perciformes order, the Pomacanthidae family, and the Holacanthus genus.   Colorful Queen Angelfish, Bonaire, Caribbean Netherlands. Terry Moore / Stocktrek Images / Getty Images Habitat and Distribution A subtropical island species, queen angelfish are found in coral reefs on coasts or surrounding offshore islands. The queen is most abundant in the Caribbean Sea, but can be found in tropical western Atlantic waters ranging from Bermuda to Brazil and from Panama to the Windward Islands. It occurs at depths between 3.5–230 feet below the surface.   The fish do not migrate, but they are most active during the day and are most commonly found near the bottom of coral reef habitats, from the nearshore shallows down to the deepest part of the reef where limited light inhibits coral growth. They are predominantly marine but can adapt to different salinities as needed, which is why the species is often seen in marine aquariums.   Diet and Behavior Queen angelfish are omnivores, and although they prefer sponges, algae, and bryozoans, they also eat jellyfish, corals, plankton, and tunicates. Apart from the courtship period, they are generally observed moving in pairs or singly year-round: some research suggests they are pair-bonded and monogamous.   During the juvenile stage (when they are about 1/2 inch long), queen angelfish larvae set up cleaning stations, where larger fish approach and allow the much smaller angelfish larvae to clean them of ectoparasites. Hawksbill sea turtle swimming over coral reef with stove-pipe sponge and a Queen angelfish, Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles, Caribbean, Atlantic Ocean. Georgette Douwma / Photographers Choice / Getty Images Plus Reproduction and Offspring   During the winter courtship periods, queen angelfish are found in larger groups known as harems. These pre-spawning groups are typically made up of a ratio of one male to four females, and the males court the females. Males flaunt their pectoral fins and the females respond by swimming upward. The male uses his snout to make contact with her genital area, and then they touch bellies and swim upward together to a depth of about 60 feet, where the male releases sperm and the female releases eggs into the water column.   Females can produce anywhere from 25,000 to 75,000 transparent and buoyant eggs during one evening event; and as many as 10 million per spawning cycle. After spawning, there is no further parental involvement. The eggs are fertilized in the water column and then hatch out within 15–20 hours, as larvae lacking working eyes, fins or gut. The larvae live on yolk sacs for 48 hours, after which they have developed enough to begin feeding on plankton. They grow rapidly and after three to four weeks they reach about one-half inch long when they sink to the bottom and live in coral and finger sponge colonies. Juvenile Queen angelfish Holacanthus ciliaris in the Caribbean. Damocean / iStock / Getty Images Plus Conservation Status   Queen angelfish are classed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. They are used as part of the commercial aquarium trade. They are not typically a food fish, in part because they are associated with the phenomenon of ciguatera poisoning which is caused by fish eating other toxic creatures and keeping a reservoir of toxins which may be passed on to human consumers.  Ã‚   Sources Feeley, M. W., O. J. Luiz jr, and N. Zurcher. Colour Morph of a Probable Queen Angelfish . Journal of Fish Biology 74.10 (2009): 2415–21. Holacanthus ciliaris from Dry Tortugas, FloridaPatton, Casey and Cathleen Bester. Queen Angelfish Holacanthus ciliaris. Discover Fishes, Florida Museum.  Pyle, R., R. Myers, L.A. Rocha, and M.T. Craig. Holacanthus ciliaris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T165883A6156566, 2010.  Reis, Fernanda, et al. Diet of the Queen Angelfish Holacanthus Ciliaris (Pomacanthidae) in So Pedro E So Paulo Archipelago, Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93.2 (2013): 453-60. Shah, Saara. Holacanthus ciliaris (Queen Angelfish).  The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago. University of the West Indies, 2015

Employee engagement is crucial for effective corporate decision making Essay

Employee engagement is crucial for effective corporate decision making - Essay Example Effective and efficient decision making in a company will enhance a perfect maximization of profits. A poor one, on the other hand, is not flexible to change especially technological changes, in a business corporation. The inefficiency of a poor decision-making by the managerial teams may lead to the decline of the company. This may be because of the poor relationship between the employer and the employees thus resulting into lack of responsibility towards the production of the final products. In the decision making process, the managers choose a perfect course of action from some of the few observable ones. The Lenovo and Samsung Companies have adopted this system of decision-making process towards acquiring a perfect product for competition. Employees’ Engagement in Corporate Decision-Making The Lenovo and Samsung Companies indulge in a more competitive market environment. Their decision-making processes are, therefore, very considerate especially in the managerial decision- making. This has seen these companies at the top of their game due to the well-organised decision-making process. Decision-making processes, in these companies, range from the product promotion, customer relation and to the employee-employer relationship. In addition, when it comes to the employee-employee relations, the companies have adopted a perfect system since this is the ultimate goal of any given business corporate. The brands of products produced by the Lenovo and Samsung companies are as well not affected by the market segmentations. Concept of Corporate Decision-Making A perfect corporate decision-making is a significant aspect towards achieving a healthy competitive marketing environment by a company (Salman, 2001 p201). Pricing, as an example of a decision making process, has made Lenovo as a multinational company acquire a greater status in the technological field. This company adopted one of the most appropriate pricing strategies, which has increased its customerâ₠¬â„¢s loyalty that has led to increased demand of their products globally due to their affordable nature (Bevans, 2007 p142). This, in addition, has maximised the profit maximization limits of the Lenovo Company. In the technology market, Lenovo has been viewed as one of the fast moving globally operating companies (Akwetey, 2011 p123). Samsung, on the other hand, has also adopted a flexible decision-making process in its marketing strategies (Mylanas & Hodges, 2007 p154). Samsung’s products are also affordable in most marketing environment. Over the last decades, Samsung has been able to acquire a good number of customers in spite of the stiff competition in the technological marketing environment. The Effectiveness of Corporate Decision-Making Businesses that handgrip their decisions in a well-organised manner just as these two companies will always be at an upper hand towards achieving a perfect financial status. Financial superiority, as an aspect of decision-making, is o ne of the key goals of a corporate decision making (Ling, 2006 p121). The entrepreneurs, therefore, engage in the decision-making system by considering financial status acquaintances as the driving factors. Another key aspect of an effective decision-making process is the motivation of employees in the workplace. Motivation of workers in the organisation is also a key role of decision-making (Mauboussin, 2021 p253). Various businesses have undergone